Radiation therapy is predominantly used in advanced disease (stage III and IV) and for anaplastic histology. Current approaches aim to minimize radiation exposure while maintaining efficacy.
: Found in ~80% of cases, often discovered incidentally during bathing or dressing .
Tumor is limited to the kidney and completely resected. The renal capsule is intact. wilms tumor ppt new
Favorable histology shows the classic triphasic pattern consisting of blastemal, stromal, and epithelial cells. This group has a high cure rate. Unfavorable histology is characterized by anaplasia—extreme nuclear pleomorphism and hyperchromasia. Anaplasia is a significant predictor of resistance to chemotherapy and a poorer prognosis.
Most Wilms tumors are sharply demarcated, spherical masses with a "pushing" border relative to the renal parenchyma, resulting in a pseudocapsule—a feature that helps distinguish Wilms tumor from other renal tumors that have infiltrative borders. Cysts are common, and the texture may vary from soft and friable to firm, depending on the predominant histologic differentiation. Radiation therapy is predominantly used in advanced disease
Microscopy images in PPT are mandatory here.
Complete blood count (CBC), renal function tests, and urinalysis. The "Rule of 10s" (Classic Review): Bilateral. Unfavorable histology. Vascular invasion. Pulmonary metastases at presentation. 5. Staging and Histology (COG Guidelines) Tumor is limited to the kidney and completely resected
Asymptomatic abdominal mass in a toddler. Highlight Multidisciplinary Care: Surgery + Chemo ±plus or minus Emphasize High Survival: Over 90% in modern protocols.
Key late effects include:
: 11p13 deletion ( WT1 ), Aniridia, Genitourinary anomalies.
Newer molecular studies show that WT1 and WT2 gene mutations play a key role in pathogenesis. 4. Diagnosis and Imaging (Updated Protocols)