Provides full-duplex, persistent communication channels over a single TCP connection. This is the go-to choice for real-time applications like chat apps and live dashboards.
detailing request-response patterns, multiplexing, and stateless backends. The Complete Web Developer Roadmap : A curated PDF from Code with Mosh
Creates a lookup structure to find rows faster, speeding up read queries at the expense of slightly slower write operations. fundamentals of backend engineering free download upd
The heart of any backend system is its data. Choosing the right database is one of the most critical decisions an engineer makes. You must weigh the pros and cons of Relational Databases (RDBMS) like PostgreSQL or MySQL against Non-Relational (NoSQL) options like MongoDB or Cassandra. Understanding normalization, indexing, and ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) is fundamental. A poorly designed schema can lead to performance bottlenecks that are incredibly difficult to fix once a system is in production. API Design and Communication Protocols
This includes the standard Request-Response model (HTTP, DNS, SSH), Publish-Subscribe (Kafka, RabbitMQ) for decoupling services, and more niche patterns like Push/Long Polling and Server-Sent Events . The Complete Web Developer Roadmap : A curated
You can only pick of the three:
that breaks down mandatory foundations like OS kernels, memory management, and ACID properties. Fundamentals of Backend Communications : A focused PDF on You must weigh the pros and cons of
All operations in a transaction succeed, or all fail.
Splitting the application into small, independent services that communicate over network protocols. Each service can be written in a different language and scaled independently. Step-by-Step Learning Roadmap