Sakitamiwa Classification ◆ | HOT |

The is a universally recognized six-stage endoscopic grading system used to evaluate the lifecycle, severity, and healing progression of gastric and duodenal ulcers . First proposed by Japanese researchers Sakita and Miwa in 1973, this classification system provides gastroenterologists with a standardized framework to determine whether a peptic ulcer lesion is actively deteriorating, actively healing, or fully scarred over.

The edema at the ulcer margin begins to subside, and the ulcer base appears cleaner. The white coating may begin to thin. 2. Healing Stage (H1 & H2)

: The ulcer is sharply demarcated with a deep crater. The floor is covered heavily with a thick, white or yellowish-gray exudate (slough). The surrounding mucosal margin is swollen and edematous. sakitamiwa classification

: The ulcer becomes remarkably small and shallow. The white exudate coating is reduced to a tiny central speck or a very thin film. The surrounding regenerative epithelium covers the vast majority of the previous defect, and mucosal folds clearly converge directly toward the healing center. 3. The Scarring Stage (Stage S)

The edema begins to subside. While the white coating remains, the margins become more distinct, and the surrounding mucosa may show early signs of regeneration. 2. The Healing Stage (H) H1 (Healing-1): The is a universally recognized six-stage endoscopic grading

The white coating completely disappears; the entire base is covered by newly formed, highly vascularized red epithelium.

The margins of the ulcer begin to look clearer, and the redness around it starts to decrease, though the white coating remains. 2. Healing Stage (H) The white coating may begin to thin

The Sakita-Miwa classification, proposed in 1971 by Sakita and Miwa, is a widely used endoscopic staging system for peptic ulcers, particularly popular in East Asia. It classifies ulcers into three main stages—active (A), healing (H), and scarring (S)—based on their endoscopic appearance, allowing clinicians to evaluate ulcer activity and healing progress.

If used as a syndrome or condition in a story:

This group includes children where the infection has spread beyond the lungs to other organ systems.

Before the widespread adoption of endoscopic staging systems, the clinical description of gastric ulcers was often subjective and varied between different physicians and institutions. This inconsistency made it difficult to accurately track a patient's progress, compare the effectiveness of different treatments, or design meaningful clinical trials. The Sakita-Miwa classification was developed to solve these problems by providing a clear, objective, and universal framework.